Mahalaya marks the beginning of the Pitru Paksha, a 16-day period in the Hindu lunar calendar when ancestral offerings (Shraddha) are performed. It is a sacred time to remember, honor, and offer prayers for departed souls and ancestors.
Mahalaya begins on the first day (Pratipada) of the Krishna Paksha (waning moon phase) in the month of Bhadrapada or Ashwin (usually in September).
The 16th day, called Mahalaya Amavasya, is the most important and final day of this period.
According to Hindu beliefs, during these days, ancestors descend to the earth to bless their descendants.
Performing Shraddha, Tarpana (offering water and sesame), and charity brings peace to ancestral souls and removes doshas (ancestral karmic blocks).
It is believed that these rites help ancestors progress spiritually in their afterlife journey.
Tarpana with water, black sesame seeds, and kusa grass.
Offering food like rice balls (pindas) to crows and Brahmins.
Reading sacred texts like Garuda Purana or listening to Mahalaya chants (especially in Bengal).
Fasting or simple meals on specific days.
Primarily followed by Hindus across India, especially those whose parents or close relatives have passed away.
Observed with deep respect and gratitude as a duty towards forefathers (Pitru Runa).
| Category | Other Rituals |
| month | Bhadrapada |
| paksha | Krishna |
| tithi | Pratipada |
| Nakshatra | |
| yogha |
